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The International Society for Biosafety Research (ISBR) organized the bi-annual International Symposium on the Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms (ISBGMO). ISBGMO 13 took place in Cape Town, South Africa from November 9th to 13th. This meeting represented the premier scientific conference for academic, government, and private sector scientists who worked on the science of environmental risk assessment (ERA) for genetically engineered plants, animals, and microorganisms. This Research Topic in Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms provided a forum for publications resulting from the symposium. The articles in the Topic included thought pieces on future research needs for biosafety, research results, and discussions of the current ERA paradigm and its application to new and emerging applications of genetic engineering.